Stressor, Stress And Performance:
...and Type-A
Bilqees Majeed
International Islamic University Islamabad
INTRODUCTION:
In this modern world organizations, work environment and jobs become complex. This complexity raise a high level of stress induced in the organizational members (Brockner et al., 1992; Champy, 1995). Job related stress can be defined as the feelings of misfit by an individual ‘who is required to deviate from normal or self-desired functioning in work place as the result of opportunities, constraints, or demands relating to potentially important work related out-comes’(Parker and Decotiis, 1983, p.165). Work-related stress result in negative out comes and well being of individual for example health problems, decreased job performance, usefulness for organization, and increase cost (Sosik, 2000) dissatisfaction, burnout, high absenteeism, organizational commitment etc (Jamal 1999). Job stress increased in Western industrialized societies and it is most costly. In US this cost reached $150 billion per year and in UK £3000 million.
STRESS:
Job related stress can be visualized as imbalance between employee work and work environment. Stress arises in incongruence between work and its environment. Job stress is an individual's reactions to work environment components that appear threatening to the individual. It is a poor fit between the individual's abilities and the work environment, in which either excessive demand are regularly made of the individual or the individual is not fully equipped to handle a particular situation (Caplan, Cobb, French, Harrison, & Pinneau, 1982; Jamal & Ahmad, 1985).
Stress has been defined as “any circumstance that places special physical and/or psychological demands on a person such that an unusual or out-of-the- ordinary response occurs” (Dipboye, Smith, & Howell, 1994, p. 290). Psychological stress is the negative emotional and cognitive states...
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