Metallic Implant Materials
...BY:
G.V.CHAKRAVARTHY
B.TECH FINAL YEAR
ROLL NO. 03501
DEPT. OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(DEEMED UNIVERSITY)
WARANGAL ,ANDHRA PRADESH
BIO MATERIALS - METALLIC IMPLANT MATERIALS
INTRODUCTION
In surgery, a biocompatible material (sometimes shortened to biomaterial) is a synthetic material used to replace part of a living system or to function in intimate contact with living tissue. The CLEMSON UNIVERSITY ADVISORY BOARD for BIOMATERIALS has formally defined a biomaterial to be "a systematically and pharmacologically inert substance designed for implantation within or incorporation with living systems." By contrast a biological material is a material such as bone matrix or tooth enamel, produced by a biological system.
The use of biomaterials, as indicated in Table 1, include replacement of a body part that has lost function due to disease or trauma, to assist in healing, to improve function, and to correct abnormalities.
Table 1 Uses of Biomaterials
Problem area Examples
Replacement of diseased or damaged part
Assist in healing
Improve function
Correct functional abnormality
Correct cosmetic problem
Aid to diagnosis
Aid to treatment
Artificial hip joint, kidney dialysis machine
Sutures, bone plates and screws
Cardiac pacemaker, contact lens
Harrington spinal rod
Augmentation mammoplasty, chin augmentation
Probes and catheters
Catheters, drains
Biomaterials can be classified from the point of view of the problem area that is to be solved (Table 1), the body on a tissue level, an organ level (Table 2), or a system level (Table 3). Also classified as metals, polymers, ceramics and composites (Table 4).
Table 2 Biomaterials in Organs
Organ Examples
Heart
Lung
Eye
Ear
Bone
Kidney
Bladder
Cardiac pacemaker, artificial heart valve
Oxygenator machine
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