The Industrial Revolution In Gb
...developments
5.1 Mining
5.2 Metallurgy
5.3 Chemicals
5.4 Textile manufacture
5.5 Machine tools
5.6 Gaslighting
6.Transport development
6.1 Navigable rivers
6.2 Coastal sail
6.3 Canals
6.4 Roads
6.5 Railways
7.Changes in Society
7.1 Growth of cities
7.2 Effects of labor
8. Conclusion
9.Literature
1. Introduction
The Industrial Revolution was a major shift of technological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions in the late 18th century and early 19th century. It began in Britain and spread throughout the world. During that time, an economy based on manual labour was replaced by one dominated by industry and the manufacture of machinery. It began with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power (fuelled primarily by coal) and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity. The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.
The period of time covered by the Industrial Revolution varies with different historians. Eric Hobsbawm held that it 'broke out' in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T. S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830.
The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world. The impact of this change on society was enormous.
2. Causes of the Industrial Revolution
While it's hard to pinpoint a beginning to the Industrial Revolution, historians generally agree that it basically originated in England,...
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