Harlem
...to the northern cities, where they hope to find better opportunities and less discrimination.
1910
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded, and prominent black leader W.E.B. Du Bois becomes editor of the group's monthly magazine, Crisis.
1912
James Weldon Johnson's influential novel Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man is published.
1917
Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey arrives in Harlem and founds the United Negro Improvement Association, an organization that urges blacks to unite and form their own nation.
W.E.B. Du Bois
James Weldon Johnson
Between 10,000 and 15,000 African Americans join the Silent Protest Parade, marching down Fifth Avenue in complete silence to protest violence against blacks.
1917
The politically radical black publication The Messenger is founded.
1917
Two of Claude McKay's poems are published in the white literary journal Seven Arts.
1919
The 369th Infantry Regiment, a highly decorated unit made up entirely of African American soldiers, returns from World War I to a heroes' welcome in Harlem.
1919
Jessie Redmon Fauset becomes literary editor of Crisis.
1919
During the "Red Summer of Hate," African Americans react angrily to widespread lynchings and other violence directed against them, with race riots occurring in Chicago, Washington, D.C., and two dozen other American cities.
1920
James Weldon Johnson becomes the head of the NAACP.
1920
Acclaimed American playwright Eugene O'Neil's drama The Emperor Jones opens at the Provincetown Playhouse with black actor Charles Gilpin in the lead role.
1921
Harry Pace founds the Black Swan Phonograph Corporation and begins production of the "race records" that will help to bring jazz and blues music to a wider audience.
1921
The musical revue Shuffle Along opens on Broadway, delighting audiences with its...
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